Java 23 isn’t currently supported in Confluent Platform <= 7.9. Java 8, 11, and 17 are supported, with support for 8 planned to be removed in Confluent Platform 8.0.
I recall a similar issue raised here and in trying to repro I found that confluent local services start works with Java 21, so you might have better luck with 21. Just keep in mind that YMMV given what is documented to be supported.